Pa Novembara 8, 2016, Prime Minister Narendra Modi adalengeza kuti kuyambira pakati pausiku, Zolemba za ₹500 ndi ₹1,000 sizingaganizidwenso kuti ndi zamalonda ku India. Cholinga cha boma chinali kuthetsa katangale komanso kufalikira kwa ziphuphu ndalama zakuda mu chuma, komanso kuchuluka kwa ndalama zabodza zomwe zinkagwiritsidwanso ntchito popereka ndalama zauchigawenga. Pronab Sen akukambirana ndi Vikas Dhoot ndi zotsatira za demontisation gambit ndi ngati zotsatira zomwe anafuna zakwaniritsidwa. Zolembedwa zosinthidwa:

Kodi kuwunika kwachuma kwa anthu akuda ku India kwakhala kotani?

PS: Ndalama zakuda ndi chuma chakuda sizili zofanana. Ndalama zakuda zimadutsa ndipo palibe zochuluka za izo. Chuma cha anthu akuda, makamaka chuma chakuda, ndi chachikulu. Kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana kuti awerengere kuchuluka kwake kwapereka zoyerekeza zambiri (20% -60% ya GDP). Ndalama zakuda, kapena ndalama zomwe sizinawonetsedwe, ndi gawo laling’ono kwambiri lachuma chakuda ichi chifukwa palibe amene wapeza ndalama zakuda amangokhalira kugwiritsira ntchito ndalamazo kwa nthawi yaitali. Amayiyika muzinthu zina. Choncho, chuma chambiri chakuda chili mumtundu wa katundu. Ndipo mukayang’ana pachinthu chilichonse, nthawi zonse pamakhala munthu kapena bungwe lomwe likuchigwira. Kaya dzinalo ndi benami kapena ayi n’zosatheka kuti wofufuza adziwe ndi ndondomeko yowerengera.

Mvetserani: Kodi chuma chidakalipobe chifukwa cha ziwanda? | | Hindu Parley podcast

Kodi munachita chiyani poyamba mutamva ganizo lochotsa zomwe zinali pafupifupi 86% ya ndalama zomwe zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawiyo?

PS: Zowopsa. Chifukwa chake ndikuti chuma chilichonse padziko lapansi chimadalira zochitika. Ndimapanga china chake, ndikukugulitsani, ndipo kugulitsako kumapanga phindu. M’dziko limene ndalama ndi njira yofala kwambiri yogulitsirana, izi zinali zowopsya chifukwa zomwe adanena zinali kuti mpaka titabweza ndalamazo, malonda adzawonongeka kwambiri. Iyi ndi nkhani yoyipa poyambira ndipo imakhala yoipitsitsa mukaganizira za yemwe amagulitsa ndalama. Makampani akuluakulu ali ndi gawo laling’ono kwambiri lazochita zawo ndi ndalama. Ndi gawo losakhazikika komanso mabizinesi ang’onoang’ono, ang’onoang’ono ndi apakatikati (MSMEs) omwe ali ndi gawo lalikulu. Zinali zoonekeratu kuti magawowa ndi omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri. Ndipo magawowa adaphatikizapo 90% -93% ya anthu athu panthawiyo. Chifukwa chake, tinali kukambirana za kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwachuma cha India.

Ngakhale kusintha kwa malamulo angapo, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) pamapeto pake idapeza ndalama zambiri zomwe zidabwezedwa kudongosolo. Kodi kukhazikitsa kukanakhala bwinoko?

PS: Ndikadadzidzimuka ndi kusunthaku, a RBI adachita mantha kwambiri, chifukwa ikanakhala ntchito yake kusunga zowonongeka. Ndipo malinga ndi zomwe ndapeza, a RBI sanadziwe kuti izi zatsala pang’ono kuchitika. Izo sizinali zokonzedwa. Chotsatira chake chinali chakuti njira yobweza ndalama kuti m’malo mwa ndalamazo idatenga pafupifupi chaka pomwe inkayenera kutha mkati mwa mwezi umodzi.

Ndalama zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano zakwera kuposa momwe zinalili zaka zisanu zapitazo. Kodi tabwera ndi gulu lonse, makamaka pankhani yokhala ndi ndalama zochepa?

PS: Tiyeni tithokoze Mulungu chifukwa cha izo. Chifukwa zikanakhala kuti sizinachitike, chuma chathu chikanakhala pamavuto aakulu. Pali ndondomeko yomwe zolinga zosiyanasiyana zinalengezedwa ndipo chuma chochepa chandalama chinali chomaliza mu ndondomekoyi. Zinali zongoganizira chabe ndipo sizinachitike. Tsopano tili ndi ndalama pafupifupi ₹28.5 thililiyoni zomwe zikuyandama, poyerekeza ndi pafupifupi ₹ 18 thililiyoni panthawiyo. Zochita zopanda ndalama zakwera koma funso lenileni ndilakuti ngati izi zinali organic process kapena zidapititsidwa patsogolo ndi demonetisation. Zikuwoneka kuchokera pazomwe ndawonapo kuti panali kuthamanga koyambirira, komwe pang’onopang’ono kunachepa pakapita nthawi, ndikuyambanso kuyambiranso. Choncho, kusintha kwa chuma chochepa kwambiri kunali kutayamba kale ndipo kwabwereranso ku chikhalidwe.

Noti ya ₹2,000 sikusindikizidwanso…

PS: Kupatula kusokonezeka kwakuthupi konyamula zolemba zambiri, palibe chomwe chimafunikira ndalama kuti zikhale zolemba zachipembedzo. Ndilibe vuto kuti zolemba zamtengo wapatali zikutha, pokhapokha ngati pali zolemba zochepa zachipembedzo kuti zilowe m’malo. Vuto ndiloti timakhalanso ndi nthawi yomwe zolemba za ₹ 2,000 ndi ₹ 500 ndizopambana ndipo zolemba zamtengo wotsika zimapitilira pafupifupi 15% ya ndalama zonse. Ngati mukufuna kupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwa anthu omwe akuchita malonda amtengo wapatali ndi ndalama, kusamukira ku ndalama zachipembedzo zotsika kumamveka bwino. Kusasindikiza kwa notsi za ₹2,000 ndi lingaliro labwino koma funso lenileni ndilakuti ngati izi zikuyenera kusinthidwa ndi zolemba zambiri za ₹ 500 kapena tipangenso zolemba za ₹1,000.

Msonkho wa Goods and Services Tax (GST) unayambitsidwa pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi inayi pambuyo poletsa chiletso. Kodi kutsatizana uku, komwe cholinga chake ndi kukulitsa kukhazikika komanso kuchuluka kwa msonkho ku GDP, kwagwira ntchito?

PS: Ndine wokondwa kuti mwafunsa izi chifukwa si funso loti GST ikadayenera kubwera koma kutsatizana. GST ikadabwera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi isanachitike, zinthu zikadakhala bwino kwambiri. Chifukwa GST inalimbikitsa, osati kukakamiza, kukhazikitsidwa. Chifukwa chake, zotsatira za kuchita ziwanda zikadakhala zocheperako ngati izi zikanachitika. Mfundo yakuti GST inabwera pambuyo pake inawonjezera vuto lomwe kuwonetseratu ziwanda kunayambitsa kale – mbali za chuma zomwe zimadalira ndalama zogulira ndalama zinali kale mu doldrums. GST idabweretsa gawo lonse la MSME, lomwe limadalira ndalama zochepa, m’mavuto, ndikuwonjezera vutoli. GST payokha ikanayenera kubwera, koma imayenera kutsogola zachiwanda osapambana.

Chifukwa chake izi zikufotokozera chifukwa chomwe chiŵerengero cha msonkho ku GDP sichinawone kusintha kwakukulu ngakhale GST ndi kuwonetsa ziwonetsero.

PS:Izo nzolondola mwamtheradi. Dongosolo lamisonkho, lomwe limayesedwa malinga ndi GDP, liyamba kuoneka bwino. Ndipo izi sizidzangochitika chifukwa cha ziwanda, komanso zomwe zachitika ndi njira za COVID-19. Koma palimodzi, zonsezi ziyenda bwino. Koma ngati mukuyang’ana zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha ziwanda, kunena zoona tiyenera kusiya chifukwa kuyambira Marichi 2020, zotsatira za mliri zimayamba kulamulira.

Lipoti lofufuza la State Bank of India (SBI) lati gawo losakhazikika lidatsika mpaka 15% -20% ya GDP yokhazikika mu 2020-21, kuchokera 52% mu 2017-18.

PS: Gawo losakhazikika ndilofunika kwambiri chifukwa limapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri azikhala ndi moyo. Tsopano, ngati pakhala kusintha kwa magawo azachuma omwe kale anali otsogola ndi mabungwe omwe si aboma kupita ku boma, funso ndilakuti, ndani apereke ntchito? Kwa anthu omwe sali m’gulu lovomerezeka, tsogolo likuwoneka lopanda mdima. Ndipo izi zikhalabe kwakanthawi, chifukwa funso lomwe lingakhalepo ndilakuti ngati mabungwe omwe si aboma atha kubwereranso ndikulowa m’gawo la msika lomwe gawo lovomerezeka latenga kale – osati chifukwa gawo lovomerezeka ndi lililonse. zogwira mtima kapena chilichonse, koma chifukwa zisankho zandale zidasintha zigoli m’malo mwake.

Ndiye, ichi ndi chodabwitsa chakukula kwakukulu ndikugwedezeka kulikonse kotsatira? Kodi izi zimasiya kuti mphamvu yaku India ya msika waukulu wogwidwa wokhala ndi mwayi pansi pa piramidi, ngati ndalama sizikula pamenepo?

PS: Inde, zododometsa zilizonse zakhala ndi zotsatirapo izi. Kumapeto kwa tsiku, msika waukulu kwambiri waku India uli pansi pa piramidi. Pamwamba pa piramidi ndi woonda kwambiri. Pokhapokha ngati ndalama zomwe zili pansi pa piramidi zikukwera mosalekeza, msika udzayima. Tidawona izi zikuchitika pambuyo pa ziwanda. Mabizinesi apanga kupha koyambirira koma kusowa kwakukula kumayamba kuluma. Pambuyo pa ziwanda, 2017-18 idawona kukula kokongola koma kukula kudatsika ngati njerwa m’zaka ziwiri zotsatira.

Pamene mliri udafika, tinali tikuwona kale magawo angapo akukula kokulirapo. Tsopano, tikuwonanso makampani akuchulukirachulukira…

PS: Inde. Zotsatira za mliri ndikuwonjezera pazomwe zidalipo kale. Gawo losakhazikika linali silinachire ndipo mliriwo udawonjezera vutolo. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukuganiza za zomwe zidayambitsa pambuyo pa mliri wa ziwanda zisanachitike, zotsatira zoyipa pagawo losakhazikika zinali kusowa kwandalama kuti muthe kuchita bizinesi. Pambuyo pa mliri, chifukwa chake chinali chosiyana – kutsekeka kudapangitsa kuti mabizinesi onse, okhazikika komanso osakhazikika, atsekedwe. Tsopano, popeza gawo losakhazikika lilibe zosungira zambiri kuti athe kutha miyezi iwiri yotseka, mabizinesi ambiri adatsekedwa. Gawo lokhazikika, makamaka osewera akulu omwe amapanga zosungirako kapena zangozi, sanangokhala ndi moyo koma adachita bwino pambuyo poti lockdown itachotsedwa. Chifukwa chake, kubwereranso kwakumbuyo komwe tikuwona muzachuma kumayendetsedwa ndi makampani. Gawo losakhazikika lakhala ndi zododometsa zitatu zotsatizana ndipo lili pamavuto akulu, zomwe lipoti la SBI likunena.

Nthawi ino, zitha kukhala zolimba kwambiri kuti mabungwe omwe si aboma abwererenso …

PS: Inde. Pambuyo potseka koyamba, RBI idachita zinthu zingapo kuyesa kuchepetsa zowonongeka monga kuyimitsa kubweza ngongole ndi mizere yowonjezera yogwirira ntchito kwa ma MSME. Pambuyo pa funde lachiwiri la COVID-19 mu Marichi, Epulo ndi Meyi chaka chino, panalibe njira zotere. Chifukwa chake, iwo omwe adapulumutsidwa ndi kutseka kwa mliri woyamba adakhala pachiwopsezo chachiwiri.

Ndiye, ndani adapindula kuchokera ku ziwanda, GST ndi COVID-19 zodabwitsa?

PS: Mosakayikira, Corporate India, yomwe yatenga gawo la msika lomwe silikanalota ngakhale ziwonetsero zisanachitike. Ndipo tsopano iyenera kulipira misonkho yotsika.

Koma pali malire pa mwayi wopeza ndalama, ngati kufunikira sikufika popanga njira yabwino.

PS: Ili ndiye vuto. Ndikuganiza kuti tatsekeredwa mumsampha wocheperako. Magawo osakhazikika adzapeza zovuta kuti abwererenso. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu yazachuma yaku India, yomwe ili m’munsi mwa piramidi yomwe ikusuntha kuchoka paumphawi kupita paumphawi chabe kenako ndikutsika wapakati – idayima.

Nanga bwanji zolinga zina za ziwanda monga kuchepetsa ndalama zauchigawenga ndi zolemba zabodza?

PS: Kafukufuku wa RBI adawonetsa kuti ndalama zonse zabodza zinali ₹ 3,500 crore, zomwe zidachitika pambuyo pake. Ndi ndalama zoseketsa. Pazandalama zauchigawenga, ndizokhudza ngati zigawenga zimangogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zomwe amalipira. Sindikukayikira ayi. Mfundo yakuti pafupifupi ndalama zonse zomwe zinabwezedwa ndi ziwanda ndi umboni wa zimenezo. Zigawenga zikadakhala ndi ndalama zomwe sakanatha kuchita nazo, zimatha kusinthana.

Tikukhulupirira kuti anthu omwe amaika ndalama ndikukakamizidwa kuti aulule ndalama zomwe amapeza, sitinawone ziwerengero zazikulu.

PS: Sindikudziwa kuti ndingayike pati mlandu wa izi. Ndikuti dipatimenti ya Income Tax sinatengepo mwayi? Monga ndikudziwira, mabanki amasunga bwino mbiri ya izi, koma wina amayenera kusonkhanitsa zolembazo, kuzindikira anthu, ndikupitiriza. Ngati chilichonse, chimenecho chikanakhala chinthu chachikulu, koma sichikuwonetsa paliponse muzolemba za msonkho.

Kodi pali umboni uliwonse wosonyeza kuti ziphuphu zachepa?

PS: Pali zambiri zongonena kuti ziphuphu zazing’ono sizinatsike, koma zakwera. Chifukwa zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa nazo zakwera ndipo kubwereranso kosinthidwa kwa wolandira ziphuphu kwatsika, choncho akweza mtengo wawo. Funso lenileni ndi ziphuphu zazikulu koma kodi izi zimachitika kudzera mu ndalama? Mwina ayi. Izi mwina zachitika kudzera kumayiko ena. Kuphatikiza apo, tsopano tili ndi ma cryptocurrencies omwe kuchuluka kwachinyengo kumatha kuchitika ndipo sitingadziwe nkomwe.

Kodi ndi maphunziro ati omwe tikuphunzirapo kuchokera ku zovuta za ndondomekozi?

PS: Mukamawerengera kuchuluka kwa izi, wina akuyenera kukhala akuchita homuweki yomwe mabungwe ali ndi gawo lalikulu kuti achite bwino. Pachifukwa ichi, panali osachepera awiri – RBI ndi dipatimenti ya Income Tax. Palibe aliyense wa iwo amene anali wokonzeka kupezerapo mwayi pazochitikazo. Chifukwa chake, tapeza zowonongeka zonse ndi zabwino zochepa.

Wapampando wakale wa SBI wanena kuti zingatenge zaka 30 kuti awone phindu lenileni la ziwanda. Kodi mukuganiza kuti titha kukhala ndi umboni wochulukirapo zaka zingapo izi?

PS: Ayi. Anthu apanga zoyesayesa zamtundu uliwonse ndipo zidule zazachuma zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa kuseketsa zotsatira zake. Koma mliriwu udzasokoneza madzi bwino kwambiri, sindikuganiza kuti mudzatha kusiyanitsa zotsatira zake.